# Ruby


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### Note
You can now use composable image to install runtimes and tools in your application container. To find out more, see the [Composable image](https://fixed.docs.upsun.com/create-apps/app-reference/composable-image.md) topic.

Upsun Fixed supports deploying any Ruby application. Your application can use any Ruby application server such as Puma or Unicorn and deploying a Rails or a Sinatra app is very straight forward.

## Supported versions

You can select the major and minor version.

Patch versions are applied periodically for bug fixes and the like. When you deploy your app, you always get the latest available patches.

### Ruby

| Grid | Dedicated Gen 2 |
| 

   - 4.0

   - 3.4

   - 3.3

   - 3.2

  None available

### Specify the language

To use Ruby, specify `ruby` as your [app's `type`](https://fixed.docs.upsun.com/create-apps/app-reference/single-runtime-image.md#types):

```yaml  {location=".platform.app.yaml"}
type: 'ruby:<VERSION_NUMBER>'
```

For example:

```yaml  {location=".platform.app.yaml"}
type: 'ruby:4.0'
```

### Deprecated versions

The following versions are [deprecated](https://fixed.docs.upsun.com/glossary.md#deprecated-versions).
They're available, but they don't receive security updates from upstream and aren't guaranteed to work.
They'll be removed in the future – consider migrating to a [supported version](#supported-versions).

   - 3.1

   - 3.0

   - 2.7

   - 2.6

   - 2.5

   - 2.4

   - 2.3

## Puma based Rails configuration

This example uses Puma to run a Ruby application.
You could use any Ruby application server such as Unicorn.

Configure the `.platform.app.yaml` file with a few key settings as listed below.
A complete example is included at the end of this section.

1. Specify the language of your application (available versions are listed above):

    ```yaml  {location=".platform.app.yaml"}
    type: 'ruby:4.0'
    ```

2. Setup environment variables.

   Rails runs by default on a preview environment.
   You can change the Rails/Bundler via those environment variables,
   some of which are defaults on Upsun Fixed.

    ```yaml  {location=".platform.app.yaml"}
    variables:
      env:
        PIDFILE: "tmp/server.pid" # Allow to start puma directly even if `tmp/pids` directory is not created
        RAILS_ENV: "production"
        BUNDLE_WITHOUT: 'development:test'
        TARGET_RUBY_VERSION: '~>4.0' # this will allow to not fail on PATCH update of the image
    ```

   The `SECRET_KEY_BASE` variable is generated automatically based on the
   [`PLATFORM_PROJECT_ENTROPY`
   variable](https://fixed.docs.upsun.com/development/variables/use-variables.md#use-provided-variables) but you can change it.

   Based on TARGET_RUBY_VERSION, we recommand to set on your Gemfile so next
   PATCH release of ruby doesn't fail the build:

   ```ruby
   ruby ENV["TARGET_RUBY_VERSION"] || File.read(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), ".ruby-version")).strip
   ```

3. Build your application with the build hook.

    Assuming you have your dependencies stored in the `Gemfile` at [your app root](https://fixed.docs.upsun.com/create-apps/app-reference/single-runtime-image.md#root-directory),
    create a hook like the following:

    ```yaml  {location=".platform.app.yaml"}
    hooks:
      build: |
        set -e
        bundle install
        bundle exec rails assets:precompile
      deploy: bundle exec rake db:migrate
    ```

   These are installed as your project dependencies in your environment.
   You can also use the `dependencies` key to install global dependencies.
   These can be Ruby, Python, NodeJS, or PHP libraries.

   If you have assets, it's likely that you need NodeJS/yarn.

    ```yaml  {location=".platform.app.yaml"}
    dependencies:
      nodejs:
        yarn: "*"
    ```
4. Configure the command to start serving your application (this must be a foreground-running process) under the `web` section:

    ```yaml  {location=".platform.app.yaml"}
    web:
      upstream:
        socket_family: unix
      commands:
        # for puma
        start: "bundle exec puma -b unix://$SOCKET"
        # for unicorn
        # start: "bundle exec unicorn -l $SOCKET"
    ```
   This assumes you have Unicorn as a dependency in your Gemfile:

   ```ruby
   gem "puma", ">= 5.0"
   ```

5. Define the web locations your application is using:

    ```yaml  {location=".platform.app.yaml"}
    web:
      locations:
        "/":
          root: "public"
          passthru: true
          expires: 1h
          allow: true
    ```
   This configuration sets the web server to handle HTTP requests at `/static`
   to serve static files stored in `/app/static/` folder.
   Everything else is forwarded to your application server.

6. Create any Read/Write mounts.
   The root file system is read only.
   You must explicitly describe writable mounts.

    ```yaml  {location=".platform.app.yaml"}
    mounts:
      "/log":
        source: local
        source_path: log
      "/storage":
        source: local
        source_path: storage
      "/tmp":
        source: local
        source_path: tmp
    ```
   This setting allows your application writing temporary files to `/app/tmp`,
   logs stored in `/app/log`, and active storage in `/app/storage`.

   You can define other read/write mounts (your application code itself being deployed to a read-only file system).
   Note that the file system is persistent and when you backup your cluster these mounts are also backed up.

7. Then, setup the routes to your application in `.platform/routes.yaml`.

```yaml  {location=".platform/routes.yaml"}
"https://{default}/":
  type: upstream
  upstream: "myapp:http"
```
### Complete app configuration

Here is a complete `.platform.app.yaml` file:

```yaml  {location=".platform.app.yaml"}
# The name of the app, which must be unique within a project.
name: 'myapp'

type: "ruby:3.0"

dependencies:
  nodejs:
    yarn: "*"

# Relationships enable an app container's access to a service.
# The example below shows simplified configuration leveraging a default service (identified from the relationship name) and a default endpoint.
# See the Application reference for all options for defining relationships and endpoints.
relationships:
  mysql:

disk: 2048

variables:
  env:
    BUNDLE_CACHE_ALL: '1' # Default, Cache all gems, including path and git gems.
    BUNDLE_CLEAN: '1' # /!\ if you are working with Ruby<2.7 this doesn't work well, but should be safe on modern Rubies.
    BUNDLE_DEPLOYMENT: '1' # Default, Disallow changes to the Gemfile.
    BUNDLE_ERROR_ON_STDERR: '1' # Default.
    BUNDLE_WITHOUT: 'development:test'
    PIDFILE: "tmp/server.pid" # Allow to start puma directly even if `tmp/pids` directory is not created
    DEFAULT_BUNDLER_VERSION: "2.2.26" # in case none is mentioned in Gemfile.lock
    EXECJS_RUNTIME: 'Node' # If you need one on your assets https://github.com/rails/execjs#readme
    NODE_ENV: 'production'
    NODE_VERSION: v14.17.6
    NVM_VERSION: v0.38.0
    RACK_ENV: 'production'
    RAILS_ENV: 'production'
    RAILS_LOG_TO_STDOUT: '1' # Default
    RAILS_TMP: '/tmp' # Default

hooks:
  build: |
    set -e

    echo "Installing NVM $NVM_VERSION"
    unset NPM_CONFIG_PREFIX
    export NVM_DIR="$PLATFORM_APP_DIR/.nvm"
    # install.sh will automatically install NodeJS based on the presence of $NODE_VERSION
    curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/$NVM_VERSION/install.sh | bash
    [ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh"

    # we install the bundled bundler version and fallback to a default (in env vars above)
    export BUNDLER_VERSION="$(grep -A 1 "BUNDLED WITH" Gemfile.lock | tail -n 1)" || $DEFAULT_BUNDLER_VERSION
    echo "Install bundler $BUNDLER_VERSION"
    gem install --no-document bundler -v $BUNDLER_VERSION

    echo "Installing gems"
    # We copy the bundle directory to the Upsun Fixed cache directory for
    # safe keeping, then restore from there on the next build. That allows
    # bundler to skip downloading code it doesn't need to.
    [ -d "$PLATFORM_CACHE_DIR/bundle" ] && \
      rsync -az --delete "$PLATFORM_CACHE_DIR/bundle/" vendor/bundle/
    mkdir -p "$PLATFORM_CACHE_DIR/bundle"
    bundle install
    # synchronize updated cache for next build
    [ -d "vendor/bundle" ] && \
      rsync -az --delete vendor/bundle/ "$PLATFORM_CACHE_DIR/bundle/"

    # precompile assets
    echo "Precompiling assets"
    # We copy the webpacker directory to the Upsun Fixed cache directory for
    # safe keeping, then restore from there on the next build. That allows
    # bundler to skip downloading code it doesn't need to.
    # https://guides.rubyonrails.org/asset_pipeline.html
    mkdir -p "$PLATFORM_CACHE_DIR/webpacker"
    mkdir -p "$RAILS_TMP/cache/webpacker"
    [ -d "$PLATFORM_CACHE_DIR/webpacker" ] && \
      rsync -az --delete "$PLATFORM_CACHE_DIR/webpacker/" $RAILS_TMP/cache/webpacker/
    # We dont need secret here https://github.com/rails/rails/issues/32947
    SECRET_KEY_BASE=1 bundle exec rails assets:precompile
    rsync -az --delete $RAILS_TMP/cache/webpacker/ "$PLATFORM_CACHE_DIR/webpacker/"
  deploy: bundle exec rake db:migrate

mounts:
  "/log":
    source: local
    source_path: log
  "/storage":
    source: local
    source_path: storage
  "/tmp":
    source: local
    source_path: tmp

web:
  upstream:
    socket_family: unix
  commands:
    # for puma
    start: "bundle exec puma -b unix://$SOCKET"
    # for unicorn
    # start: "bundle exec unicorn -l $SOCKET"

  locations:
    "/":
      root: "public"
      passthru: true
      expires: 1h
      allow: true
```

## Configuring services

This example assumes there is a MySQL instance.
To configure it, [create a service](https://fixed.docs.upsun.com/add-services.md) such as the following:

```yaml  {location=".platform/services.yaml"}
mysql:
  type: mysql:11.8
  disk: 2048
```
## Connecting to services

Once you have a service, link to it in your [app configuration](https://fixed.docs.upsun.com/create-apps/_index.md):

```yaml  {location=".platform.app.yaml"}
relationships:
  mysql:
```
By using the following Ruby function calls, you can obtain the database details.

```ruby
require "base64"
require "json"
relationships= JSON.parse(Base64.decode64(ENV['PLATFORM_RELATIONSHIPS']))
```

This should give you something like the following:

```json
{
  "mysql" : [
    {
      "path" : "main",
      "query" : {
        "is_master" : true
      },
      "port" : 3306,
      "username" : "user",
      "password" : "",
      "host" : "mysql.internal",
      "ip" : "246.0.241.50",
      "scheme" : "mysql"
    }
  ]
}
```

For Rails, you have two choices:

- Use the standard Rails `config/database.yml` with the values found with the snippet provided before
- Use the [platformsh-rails-helper gem](https://github.com/platformsh/platformsh-rails-helper)
  by adding it to your `Gemfile` and commenting the production block in `config/database.yml`

### Configuration reader

While you can read the environment directly from your app,
you might want to use the
[helper library for Ruby apps](https://github.com/platformsh/platformsh-ruby-helper) or [one for Rails apps](https://github.com/platformsh/platformsh-rails-helper)
.
It decodes service credentials, the correct port, and other information for you.

## Other tips

- To speed up boot you can use the [Bootsnap gem](https://github.com/Shopify/bootsnap)
  and configure it with the local `/tmp`:

  ```ruby  {location="config/boot.rb"}
  Bootsnap.setup(cache_dir: "/tmp/cache")
  ```

- For garbage collection tuning, you can read [this article](https://shopify.engineering/17489064-tuning-rubys-global-method-cache)
  and look for [discourse configurations](https://github.com/discourse/discourse_docker/blob/b259c8d38e0f42288fd279c9f9efd3cefbc2c1cb/templates/web.template.yml#L8)

- New images are released on a regular basis to apply security patches. While the minor version will not change (as you are specifying it in the `type` property), the patch version will be updated. You may encounter this kind of error:

  ``` {no-copy="true"}
  bundler: failed to load command: puma (/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.2.0/bin/puma)
  /app/.global/gems/bundler-2.4.22/lib/bundler/definition.rb:447:in `validate_ruby!': Your Ruby version is 3.2.9, but your Gemfile specified 3.2.8 (Bundler::RubyVersionMismatch)
  ```

  To avoid issues when such updates are performed, use

  ``` ruby
  ruby ENV["TARGET_RUBY_VERSION"] || File.read(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), ".ruby-version")).strip
  ```

  in your `Gemfile`, where `TARGET_RUBY_VERSION` has been defined as above.

## Troubleshooting

By default, deployments have `BUNDLE_DEPLOYMENT=1` to ensure projects have a `Gemfile.lock` file.
This is safer for version yank issues and other version upgrade breakages.

You may encounter an error like the following during a build:

```txt
W: bundler: failed to load command: rake (/app/.global/bin/rake)
W: /app/.global/gems/bundler-2.3.5/lib/bundler/resolver.rb:268:in `block in verify_gemfile_dependencies_are_found!': Could not find gem 'rails (= 5.2.6)' in locally installed gems. (Bundler::GemNotFound)
```

To resolve this error:

1. Run `bundle install` with the same `ruby` and `bundler` versions defined in your `.platform.app.yaml` file.
2. Push the `Gemfile.lock` to your repository.